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Electrical Hailstorm Listen The Electrical Hailstorm works based on attraction and repulsion of electrostatic forces between the elder pith balls in a condensator setup. Once an electrostatic charge h

Electrical Sportsman Listen The Electrical Sportman is operated with the help of an electrostatic generator that charges the Leyden Jar on the base plate of the setup. The ‘Birds’ are electrically con

Voltaic Pile Listen The Voltaic Pile consists of copper and zinc plates, between which a piece of paper or cloth is placed, which has been soaked with salt water. Volta expected the electrical current

Lichtenberg's Double Electrophorus Listen The Double Electrophorus is a further development from the Electrophorus , capable to produce and provide both electrostatical charges by means of electrostat

Electrophorus Listen The Electrophorus is an electrostatic generator, developed by Wilcke around 1761 and popularised by Volta towards the end of the 18 th century. The electrophorus consists of a res

Condensator Straw Electroscope Listen The Condensator Straw Electroscope was first described by Alessandro Volta in 1787. Two thin straws are hung up inside of a jar so they can oscillate freely witho

Camera Lucida Listen The Camera Lucida, sometimes known as Wollaston prism, consists of an upright brass column, to which a prism holder is mounted. By looking through the prism you can see a sheet of

Camera Obscura Listen A Camera Obscura is an darkened room or volume into which light can shine through a pin hole, sometimes a pin hole combined with a lens. On the wall opposite to the entrance hole

Reading Stone Listen A Reading Stone is a thick plano-convex lens and can be considered to be the prototype of modern magnifying glasses. It was and still is put to use to magnify minute writings. fur

Leeuwenhoek Microscope Listen Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632 – 1723) was a Dutch natural philosopher and to this day very much known for the development of several hundred microscopes. He produced the l